Family+Life

1. My topic is about families lives during World War I. 2. **What I already know: Who?** Families have to deal with their lives during the World War I, including those who have family members in the war. 3. **What I want to know (research questions): Who?** What kind of families dealt with life during the war? Were most of the families have family members that were in the war? The World War I affected the families by giving them so many problems/hardships. Many families went into depression, mentally. Many of the children were affected by the war, which might have affected their future lives. 4. **My research strategy: Who?** I'll ask Mrs. Brolan or Mr. D. I could ask Ms. Horn or Mrs. Brem for locating information. I could also have a small interview with an elderly person who witnessed the WWI.
 * What?** Families had to go through hardships, and there were times they had fun.
 * Where?** Families all around the world.
 * When?** During the late 1910's.
 * Why?** Many families dealt with hardships, especially with all the problems the war has caused.
 * How?** Many of the families had to take care of children and themselves in different ways. They had to try to do many various things during hardships and try to have some fun entertainment.
 * What?** What kind of advantages did the families have? What kind of work did families have to do?
 * Where?** Where did it affect families the most? Did the war have an impact on families all around the war?
 * When?** When did the war affect the families?
 * Why?** Why did many families have to go through many hardships?
 * How?** How did the families dealt with their lives?
 * How did this impact the World War, or how did WWI affect them?**
 * What?** Expert websites, textbooks, databases
 * When?** During class or outside the class, if needed.
 * Where?** The CTMS and the public library. I could use some books back at home.
 * How?** I can use my thesis statement and my research questions. I can also use my notes.
 * Key words for searching:** families lives during WWI, family life during WWI, families and World War I


 * Draft**

World War I impacted family lives by giving them various challenges and new advantages in life. Many families worked very hard, especially the women. It seemed to be a tough time, working while men were at war, but it seems that women and children could get through these challenges.

At home, many families worked very hard, trying to take care of the house. "Housework in nineteenth century America was harsh physical labor. Preparing even a simple meal was a time and energy consuming chore. Prior to the twentieth century, cooking was performed on a coal or wood burning stove. Unlike an electric or a gas range, which can be turned on with the flick of a single switch, cast iron and steel stoves were exceptionally difficult to use. Ashes from an old fire had to be removed. Then, paper and kindling had to be set inside the stove, dampers and flues had to be carefully adjusted, and a fire lit. Since there were no thermostats to regulate the stove's temperature, a woman had to keep an eye on the contraption all day long. Any time the fire slackened, she had to adjust a flue or add more fuel." (Steven Mintz) The cast iron stoves were the only way to cook food, and had to moniter it regularly. During the WWI, some people hired workers for prices ranging $1.50-$5. These type of families were the "small minority well-to-do families. The majority of the other families had to do almost all of their household chores by hands of housewives and daughters. (Steven Mintz) The families hired maids, chef, and etc. to do work for them while most families had to do the work by themselves. Before the introduction of electricity, and more advanced, "labor-saving" appliances, many of the housewives worked numerous amounts of hours a week in the house. An average housewife would work 52-55 hours a week doing housecleaning, taking care of children, and management. She doesn't have enough time to prepare or clean up after meals. (Steven Mintz) Housewives work for a very long time every week, and usually they don't have time to do everything.

While the war was going on, children had to work, too. Child labor was introduced in the late 18th century, and it still continued to the 20th century. Children often had to work in at a young age, probably around under 14 years of age. They had to work in factories, farms, and dangerous mines. During the WWI, the children had to work in factories and mines. ("Child Labor") The children had to work at a young age, and work dangerous jobs. Children were technically forced to be hired to work in very dangerous jobs. They had to work in unhealthy and unsafe conditions like working in factories, mines, milles, and etc. The children were undernourished due to the cities, and didn't have much food to eat. Education was very unusual during that time. Only a few of all of the hardworking children had the proper education. (Peggy Whitley) Children worked in unsafe areas; a possibility of getting injured or sick. Most children never really got much education. They are usually too busy doing child labor. From the last years of the 19th century to the early years of the 20th century, many new appliances were made. Many included the electric toaster, electric vacuum, and the electric iron. When the 1920's came, middle class families loved the "myriad of new household conveniences." This also included the gas stoves, refrigerators, hot and cold water, and washing machines. (Steven Mintz) Over the years of WWI, new household appliances were made and helped families. For the first time, women took jobs held by men. Many of these women did hard work building equipment, automobiles, and etc. As they did all of these jobs, the women loved and enjoyed their new lives because each and everyday, they challenged themselves. It was like a new advantage for them to have some equal rights. (Adriane Ruggiero) Women enjoyed their new life doing men's work and they challenged themselves. While men were at war, many women took over their jobs. They went through hours of very long, hard work, only to help the war effort. They were also very busy at home, taking care of families and housework. Although they believed that it was too much to do and hard work, they seemed happy to be able to do men's work. (Adriane Ruggiero) Women worked by doing men's jobs to help war effort and seemed to enjoy it.

All these things were affected by the World War I. Many families had to go through hard challenges, and children had to work in dangerous conditions. On the bright side, many families enjoyed new advanced technology, and working men's jobs, especially the women. The work from World War I to the work today, became a lot easier over the years. Today, we have more advanced technology to get the housework faster.

code code Works Cited code "Child Labor." //Infoplease//. Information Please, Pearson Education, n.d. Web. 15 Apr. 2010. code code . code code Hakim, Joy. //War, Peace, and All That Jazz//. New York: Oxford University Press, Inc., 1995. Print. code code Mintz, S. "Over Here: World War I on the Home Front." //Digital History//. N.p., 8 Apr. 2010. Web. 8 code code Apr. 2010. . code code Mintz, Steven. "Housework in Late 19th Century America." //Digital History//. N.p., 8 Apr. 2010. Web. 8 code code Apr. 2010. . code code Ruggiero, Adriane. //American Voices from World War I//. N.p.: Marshall Cavendish Corporation, 2003. code code Print. code code Whitley, Peggy. "1910-1919." //American Cultural History-The Twentieth Century//. N.p., Nov. 2008. Web. code code 14 Apr. 2010. . code code "World War I." //Britannica Concise Encyclopedia//. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Apr. 2010. code code []. code

Paraphrase || No quotes or paraphrasing used. || Very few quotes or paraphrases included, no parenthetical references. || Some errors in quoting or paraphrasing and/or a few missing parenthetical references. || Several quotes and paraphrased pieces of information in each body paragraph, all with parenthetical references. || 4 ||
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 * Thesis || No thesis. || Thesis is present in introductory paragraph but is not well-written. || Thesis included in introductory paragraph is satisfactory if a bit obvious. || Thesis included in introductory paragraph is well-written and interesting. || 4 ||
 * Flow || Paper is difficult to read and understand. || Paper is full of short, choppy sentences and topic shifts with no transitions. || Some use of transitional words and phrases but the paper is a bit choppy at times. || Use of transitional words and phrases as well as topic sentences makes the paper easy to read from start to finish. || 4 ||
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 * Commentary / “My Ideas” || No commentary. || Commentary lacking in a few places. || Commentary included with each quote or paraphrase, but it is a bit obvious or repetitive. || Thoughtful commentary included with each quote or paraphrase. || 4 ||
 * Works Cited || No works cited page included. || Works cited page is included but there are several errors. || Works cited page is included but there are a few formatting errors. || Works cited page is included and is correctly formatted. || 4 ||
 * Conventions || Difficult to understand. || Several errors. || A few errors. || Little to no errors in grammar, spelling or punctuation. || 4 ||

Paraphrase || No quotes or paraphrasing used. || Very few quotes or paraphrases included, no parenthetical references. || Some errors in quoting or paraphrasing and/or a few missing parenthetical references. || Several quotes and paraphrased pieces of information in each body paragraph, all with parenthetical references. ||  ||
 * || 1 || 2 || 3 || 4 || Score ||
 * Thesis || No thesis. || Thesis is present in introductory paragraph but is not well-written. || Thesis included in introductory paragraph is satisfactory if a bit obvious. || Thesis included in introductory paragraph is well-written and interesting. ||  ||
 * Flow || Paper is difficult to read and understand. || Paper is full of short, choppy sentences and topic shifts with no transitions. || Some use of transitional words and phrases but the paper is a bit choppy at times. || Use of transitional words and phrases as well as topic sentences makes the paper easy to read from start to finish. ||  ||
 * Quotes/
 * Commentary / “My Ideas” || No commentary. || Commentary lacking in a few places. || Commentary included with each quote or paraphrase, but it is a bit obvious or repetitive. || Thoughtful commentary included with each quote or paraphrase. ||  ||
 * Works Cited || No works cited page included. || Works cited page is included but there are several errors. || Works cited page is included but there are a few formatting errors. || Works cited page is included and is correctly formatted. ||  ||
 * Conventions || Difficult to understand. || Several errors. || A few errors. || Little to no errors in grammar, spelling or punctuation. ||  ||